Markdown is automatically rendered to html GitHub but can easily be parsed into a variety of other formats including PDF and LaTex. To convert seamlessly to these formats, you'll need a document converter. Pandoc is one such open source tool that is available on all platforms. You'll need to install a local copy to be able to run all the examples in this repo.
Pandoc
Pandoc is a universal document converter. It works from the command line and you can quickly convert a document between any two formats. These include nearly all formats commonly used for scientific writing such as Word, Markdown, ODT, LaTeX, HTML and RTF.
Standalone applications
Texts
Texts is rich editor for Markdown, with multiple export options (e.g. PDF, Microsoft Word, LaTeX, HTML, ePub) for OS X and Windows.
ByWord
ByWord is a simple text editor for OS X and iOS.
Mou
Mou is a simple, free, and powerful Markdown editor/previewer for OS X.
MarkdownPad
MarkdownPad is a Markdown editor for Windows. Both a Free and a Pro version exist; the latter adds support for (amongst other things) GitHub Flavored Markdown and Markdown Extra (including Tables).
MultiMarkdown Composer
"MultiMarkdown Composer is a text editor for Mac that is designed from the ground up around the MultiMarkdown Syntax. It is designed to make writing in MultiMarkdown (or Markdown) even easier than it already is, with automatic syntax highlighting, built in previews, easy export to any format that is supported by MultiMarkdown, and more!" [http://multimarkdown.com].
ReText
ReText is an open-source, platform-independent editor for both Markdown and reStructuredText.
Qute
Qute, is an open source, platform-independent editor for Markdown with MathJax-integrated live-preview.
Erato
Erato is a markdown editor for Mac users, supporting Github-flavored Markdown, including YAML front matter and task lists.
Editorial
Editorial is a markdown editor app for iOS users that includes inline markdown preview and is extensible with workflows.
Sublime Text
Sublime Text is a text editor available for OS X, Windows, and Linux. There are packages for working with Markdown and Pandoc, notably MarkdownEditing and Pandown.
Web-based applications
Zupadoc
Zupadoc is a web-based markdown editor which exports markdown text to typeset PDFs (articles and slides are available). Integrates with Dropbox.
Draft
Draft is a web-based markdown editor with cloud sync, image hosting and analytics.
Markable
Markable is another web-based markdown editor with export and integration options.
StackEdit
StackEdit is another markdown editor with export and publishing options.
Prose.io
Prose is a web-based markdown editor for Github Pages.
Authorea
Authorea is an online collaborative editor to write scientific, academic, and technical documents online and includes markdown and Latex editing.
Previewers
Marked
Marked is a markdown previewer for OS X.